Influence of tree crown characteristics on the local PM10 distribution inside an urban street canyon in Antwerp (Belgium): A model and experimental approach

Apart from influencing the amount of leaf-deposited particles, tree crown morphology will influence the local distribution of atmospheric particles. Nevertheless, tree crowns are often represented very rudimentary in three-dimensional air quality models. Therefore, the influence of tree crown representation on the local ambient PM₁₀ concentration and resulting leaf-deposited PM₁₀ mass was evaluated, using the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model ENVI-met^® and ground-based LiDAR imaging. The modelled leaf-deposited PM₁₀ mass was compared to gravimetric results within three different particle size fractions (0.2–3, 3–10 and >10 μm), obtained at 20 locations within the tree crown. Modelling of the LiDAR-derived tree crown resulted in altered atmospheric PM₁₀ concentrations in the vicinity of the tree crown. Although this model study was limited to a single tree and model configuration, our results demonstrate that improving tree crown characteristics (shape, dimensions and LAD) affects the resulting local PM₁₀ distribution in ENVI-met. An accurate tree crown representation seems, therefore, of great importance when aiming at modelling the local PM distribution.     

Biodiversity functions of urban cemeteries: Evidence from one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Europe

As the world becomes more urbanized, urban cemeteries may become increasingly valuable for biodiversity conservation as cemeteries are ubiquitous elements of the green infrastructure in cities worldwide. By implementing a multi-taxon approach at different spatial extents, we analyzed habitat functions of a large urban cemetery in Berlin (Weiÿensee Jewish Cemetery) and explored related environmental variables. This cemetery is an outstanding cultural heritage site but it also stands for old urban cemeteries that have progressed to urban woodland, an ecosystem type that exists in many regional and religious contexts. The cemetery provided a habitat for 604 species; species of conservation concern comprised 1.6⿿100% of total species among different groups of taxa (in decreasing order: bats, birds, lichens, bryophytes, carabids, vascular plants, spiders). Species richness and species composition at the plot level were significantly related to differences in management intensity and resulting vegetation structures but differed among taxonomic groups. In vascular plants, carabids and spiders, the species composition varied significantly with habitat age, and there was a set of characteristic species for different age classes in each species group. Our results thus support the use of differentiated management approaches to maintain habitat heterogeneity by allowing wilderness development in some parts of a cemetery while keeping others more open. Since these aims can be combined with efforts to preserve outstanding grave architectures and allow access to visitors, our study indicates ways of reconciling conflicting aims of heritage preservation and biodiversity conservation, a promising perspective for biodiversity conservation in culturally shaped urban landscapes. We conclude that cemeteries provide important cultural ecosystem services within the urban green infrastructure.     

Residents’ perceptions and attitudes toward waste treatment facility sites and their possible conversion: A literature review

The siting a landfill or waste treatment facility and the redevelopment of a brownfield or former landfill site are generally treated as independent issues in the research literature. Nonetheless, the two are important elements of community development and urban revitalization efforts. The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrated review of the current literature on attitudes toward waste treatment sites and their potential conversion for recreation use. We begin by examining research on residents’ perceptions of and attitudes toward proposed and existing waste treatment facility sites, including the perceived impacts and determinants of attitudes toward these sites. Next we summarize work that has explored the subsequent conversion of former landfills or brownfield sites, with a particular emphasis on repurposing these sites for green space and recreation use. We conclude by summarizing key issues and implications for future research and policy development.     

“人的城镇化”与图书馆全方位知识服务

人的城镇化是新型城镇化的核心。在此分析了"人的城镇化"的内涵、中国在"人的城镇化"中面临的问题,并结合作为全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区的重庆市的现状,探寻"人的城镇化"问题的根源。基于重庆市南岸区参与新型城镇化工作试点的实践基础,提出在"人的城镇化"进程中,图书馆全方位知识服务的应对策略。     

根土空间对花生生长发育和产量的影响

为明确花生生长过程中是否存在生长冗余,探讨花生高产的适宜生长度,以高产花生品种青花7号为试材,设长×宽×深分别为40 cm×20 cm×20 cm、40 cm×20 cm×40 cm、40 cm×20 cm×60 cm、40 cm×20 cm×80 cm4种规格不等的根土空间,采用网袋法,研究了根系生长空间对花生生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明,随着根土空间增大,株高逐渐增高,分枝数逐渐增多,根系干质量和茎叶干质量逐渐增大,其生育进程的推进差异越来越大。根土空间过小显著影响各时间段花生开花数、下针和结果;根土空间过大则中前期开花数、下针和结果少,中后期开花数、下针和结果多;适当的根土空间(如限根深度60 cm)则中前期开花数、下针和结果多,中后期开花数、下针少。说明根土空间过小影响产量提高的主要原因是生长量不足,而根土空间过大影响产量提高的主要原因是冗余生长。适当空间则既能保证足够的生长量,产生的冗余生长又少,从而提高荚果产量和籽仁产量,为花生高产新品种的选育和栽培提供理论依据。     

城市农业公园道路的人性化设计

从农业公园和城市公园的内涵和功能着手,通过对比研究二者的区别,对城市农业公园的功能优势和特色进行阐述,揭示其特质属性,肯定城市农业公园未来的发展。针对城市农业公园的特殊性,从道路设计着手,重点研究其服务功能的表达。以城市公园设计标准为基础,将城市农业公园道路划分为主要道路、次要道路、专用道路和游憩道路4类。依据行业经验和人性化设计原则,从道路的布局、圆曲线半径、交叉点形式、道路宽度、无障碍设计、铺装、专用道路设计等方面进行人性化设计研究,以期为城市农业公园的建设和发展提供参考。     

大型体育赛事与城市文化传承的关系研究*

大型体育赛事作为一种影响城市精神价值和城市居民生活方式的社会性社会活动，已成为城市政府构建和传承城市文化的重要平台。从规模、形态、效果、生态、传承五个视角透视在推进大型体育赛事与城市体育文化双向驱动过程中应承担的责任和义务，且大型体育赛事在打造城市文化交流平台、展示城市个性靓丽标识、促进城市多元文化融合共生、促成城市文化旅游耦合契机、城市历史脉络的发散延续、城市文化生态的继承演进和形成城市文化功能区的孵化地等方面体现其重要作用和地位。     

豆科绿肥对四川丘陵区橘园间作效应的初步研究

为明确豆科绿肥对四川丘陵区橘园产量、品质、产值及土壤肥力的影响，2011-2013年在四川省西充县进行了试验研究。结果表明：（1）橘园间作豆科作物柑橘产量比对照提高3.3%-5.7%、但增产不显著；（2）凡涉及间作大豆的模式，经济产值极显著提高、比对照增加14.3%-16.2%；（3）凡间种豆科绿肥的模式，柑橘品质和土壤养分都有明显改善，柑橘总糖提高13.1%-15.5%、可溶性固形物提高17.4%-20.2%、Vc 提高13.6%-16.3%、可滴定酸降低10.3%-11.8%，土壤有机质增加13.2%-15.9%、全氮增加6.3%-8.7%、全磷增加8.0%-10.6%、速效钾增加6.2%-8.7%。橘园间作豆科绿肥和间作大豆-绿肥的综合效应良好，可选择应用。     

基于GIS的村级尺度统计数据空间化方法与时序分析初探

选择重庆市巴南区石龙镇大连村、大兴村、白马村、金星村、合路村、柏树村、大桥村、大园村和中伦村9个行政村作为研究区,将研究区的遥感影像、数字高程模型、行政界线等数据的空间参考坐标系统一为1980西安坐标系,选择2006-2012年研究区的农用肥施用量数据作为村级尺度统计数据空间化方法研究的研究数据,利用专家打分法对不同土地利用类型与农用肥施用之间的相关性进行打分,分值范围是0~1分。结合村级行政界线、行政村面积、农用肥施用量、土地利用数据和专家打分结果,构建农用肥施用数据空间化模型,分别生成2006-2012年村级农用肥施用数据空间化分布栅格数据,栅格尺度选择1、10、100和200 m这4种,并对栅格化结果进行对比分析。同时,对2006-2012年的农用肥施用空间分布数据进行时序分析,获取农用肥施用量的动态变化趋势。通过研究得到以下结论:1村级农用肥施用量数据空间化尺度与土地利用数据的类型及空间分辨率有关;2研究区各行政村农用肥施用量在2006-2012年期间总体变化趋于平稳。本研究对于实现村级统计数据空间化方法具有一定的参考意义,而空间化后的村级统计数据对于进行村镇区域规划、土地整改、生态环境保护等具有重要指导意义。